Accelerate Workload Migration and Modernization

232. An organization must decide which of 400 on-premises applications to migrate first. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Migrate the largest applications first because they carry the most infrastructure cost.
2. B Migrate the applications in alphabetical order so none is overlooked.
3. C Migrate the applications whose owners volunteer first.
4. D Run a portfolio assessment with AWS Migration Hub and evaluate each application against the seven common migration strategies and its total cost of ownership.

233. An application is a commercial product whose vendor offers an equivalent software-as-a-service subscription. Which migration strategy applies?

1. A Repurchase, replacing the self-managed product with the vendor's subscription offering.
2. B Replatform, moving the product to managed infrastructure with minimal change.
3. C Rehost, moving the product to EC2 instances unchanged.
4. D Refactor, rewriting the product to use cloud-native services.

234. A 900 TB dataset must be moved to AWS from a site whose network link would take several months to transfer it. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Transfer the dataset on AWS Snow Family devices shipped to AWS for import.
2. B Transfer the dataset with S3 Transfer Acceleration over the existing link.
3. C Transfer the dataset with AWS DataSync over the existing network link.
4. D Provision an AWS Direct Connect circuit and transfer the dataset over it.

235. An Oracle database must be migrated to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL with minimal downtime, and its stored procedures use Oracle-specific constructs. Which combination of steps meets these requirements? (Select TWO.)

1. A Export the database to Amazon S3 and import it into Aurora with a bulk loader.
2. B Rehost the Oracle database on EC2 instances and convert the schema afterwards.
3. C Migrate the data with AWS DMS using a full load only during a maintenance window.
4. D Migrate the data with AWS DMS using a full load followed by ongoing change data capture.
5. E Convert the schema and procedural code with the AWS Schema Conversion Tool and rework what it reports as manual.

236. An architect must select a mechanism to migrate hundreds of on-premises virtual machines to AWS with minimal application change. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Rebuild each server from a golden AMI and reinstall the applications.
2. B Export each virtual machine image and import it manually as an AMI.
3. C Replicate the servers with AWS Application Migration Service and cut over to the launched instances.
4. D Containerize each application and deploy it to Amazon ECS.

237. A migrated application runs on EC2 instances that are idle overnight and at weekends, and the team wants a target architecture that costs nothing when idle. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Refactor the application to AWS Lambda functions invoked through Amazon API Gateway.
2. B Move the application to Amazon ECS on EC2 with a capacity provider.
3. C Move the application to a smaller EC2 instance type in an Auto Scaling group.
4. D Purchase Reserved Instances to reduce the cost of the idle hours.

238. A migrated workload uses a self-managed MongoDB deployment on EC2 instances. Which target platform reduces operational burden with minimal application change?

1. A Migrate the data to Amazon Aurora and store the documents in a JSON column.
2. B Migrate the data to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL and flatten the documents.
3. C Migrate the data to Amazon DynamoDB and adapt the application to its API.
4. D Migrate the data to Amazon DocumentDB, which is compatible with MongoDB workloads.

239. A migrated monolith must be decomposed so that a failure in its reporting function no longer affects order processing. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Separate the functions into independent services communicating asynchronously through a queue or event bus.
2. B Increase the instance size so the monolith has capacity for both functions.
3. C Add a health check that restarts the monolith when the reporting function fails.
4. D Deploy the monolith across additional Availability Zones.

240. A migrated batch workload runs for four hours nightly and tolerates interruption. Which modernization reduces cost the most?

1. A Run the workload on AWS Fargate Spot capacity and retry interrupted tasks.
2. B Run the workload on EC2 On-Demand Instances in an Auto Scaling group.
3. C Run the workload on EC2 instances covered by Reserved Instances.
4. D Run the workload on a larger EC2 instance so it completes more quickly.

241. An architect must identify which component of a migrated application is the best candidate for a purpose-built database. Which approach meets these requirements?

1. A Select the database with the lowest published price per hour.
2. B Move every component to Amazon DynamoDB to standardize on one managed service.
3. C Examine each component's access pattern and select a database whose data model matches it, rather than keeping every component on one engine.
4. D Keep every component on the existing relational engine to avoid migration effort.

242. An architect must calculate the total cost of ownership of an on-premises workload to compare it with an AWS design. Which costs must be included beyond hardware?

1. A Only the licences and the support contracts.
2. B Only the purchase price of the servers and storage.
3. C Facilities, power, cooling, network, licences, and the staff effort to operate the environment.
4. D Only the costs that appear in the current year's budget.

243. An application will be decommissioned within six months. Which migration strategy applies?

1. A Replatform
2. B Rehost
3. C Retain
4. D Retire

244. An architect must select a transfer mechanism for 40 TB of data where the available network link can complete the transfer in four days. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Ship the data on AWS Snow Family devices.
2. B Transfer the data over the network with AWS DataSync and verify integrity on completion.
3. C Provision an AWS Direct Connect circuit before transferring.
4. D Upload the data with the AWS CLI in parallel batches.

245. An architect must apply security controls to a migration that replicates production data to AWS. Which combination of steps meets these requirements? (Select TWO.)

1. A Disable logging during the migration to reduce noise.
2. B Replicate through a public endpoint restricted by IP address.
3. C Encrypt the replicated data in transit and at rest with keys the organization controls.
4. D Grant the migration service administrator permissions to avoid interruptions.
5. E Scope the migration service's IAM role to the specific source and target resources.

246. An architect must select a governance model for accounts created during a large migration. Which approach is appropriate?

1. A Create the accounts as needed and apply controls once the migration completes.
2. B Allow each migration team to configure its own account as it prefers.
3. C Migrate all workloads into a single existing account to avoid governance work.
4. D Provision the accounts through a landing zone so each inherits the organization's controls from creation.

247. A migrated application uses a shared file system accessed concurrently by many Linux instances. Which target service is appropriate?

1. A Amazon EBS
2. B Amazon EFS
3. C Amazon S3
4. D Amazon FSx for Windows File Server

248. A migrated workload runs a container platform the team already operates with Kubernetes tooling and manifests. Which target platform minimizes change?

1. A Amazon ECS
2. B AWS Elastic Beanstalk
3. C Amazon EKS
4. D Amazon EC2 with a self-managed scheduler

249. A migrated application performs a long-running document conversion synchronously within its request path. Which modernization is appropriate?

1. A Increase the request timeout so the conversion completes within it.
2. B Increase the instance size so conversions run faster.
3. C Accept the request, place the work on a queue, and return the result when the conversion completes.
4. D Cache the converted documents so repeat requests are served quickly.

250. A migrated workload's components are tightly coupled through direct synchronous calls, and a failure in any component fails the whole request. Which modernization is appropriate?

1. A Deploy all components to a single larger instance.
2. B Introduce asynchronous messaging between components so each can fail and recover independently.
3. C Increase the timeout on each synchronous call.
4. D Increase the retry count on each synchronous call.

251. An architect must select an integration service for a migrated workload where several consumers must each receive every event. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Invoke each consumer in sequence from the producing component.
2. B Send the events to a single Amazon SQS queue polled by all consumers.
3. C Write the events to Amazon S3 for each consumer to poll.
4. D Publish to an Amazon SNS topic with a queue subscribed for each consumer.

252. An application portfolio must be prioritized for migration waves. Which criteria are appropriate?

1. A The preference of each application's owner.
2. B Alphabetical order.
3. C Application age.
4. D Business value, migration complexity, dependencies on other applications, and risk, so early waves deliver value at low risk.

253. An application has a large licence cost that would be eliminated by replacing it with a managed AWS service. Which migration strategy applies?

1. A Replatform, moving to a managed equivalent that removes the licence.
2. B Rehost on EC2 with the same licence.
3. C Retain on premises.
4. D Retire the application.

254. A migration assessment must establish an application's dependencies on other systems. Which approach is appropriate?

1. A Ask the application owner to list dependencies from memory.
2. B Assume the application has no dependencies.
3. C Use AWS Application Discovery Service to collect network connection data and map dependencies.
4. D Review the application's documentation.

255. A database must be migrated with a change of engine and minimal downtime. Which combination of steps meets these requirements? (Select TWO.)

1. A Rehost the source database on EC2 first.
2. B Migrate the data with AWS DMS using full load plus change data capture.
3. C Export to CSV and import into the target.
4. D Convert the schema with AWS Schema Conversion Tool and rework unsupported objects.
5. E Migrate with a full load only during a long maintenance window.

256. Hundreds of virtual machines must be migrated with minimal change and a short cutover. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Containerize each application.
2. B Replicate the servers with AWS Application Migration Service and cut over to the launched instances.
3. C Rebuild each server manually on EC2.
4. D Export each VM and import it as an AMI.

257. A migration must move user identities so that migrated applications authenticate against a directory in AWS. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Migrate all users to Amazon Cognito.
2. B Deploy AWS Directory Service and establish a trust with the on-premises directory during the transition.
3. C Create IAM users for every employee.
4. D Keep authentication on premises permanently.

258. A migration's security must ensure that replication traffic between on premises and AWS is encrypted and the migration tooling is least-privileged. Which combination of steps meets these requirements? (Select TWO.)

1. A Disable CloudTrail during the migration to reduce noise.
2. B Grant the migration service administrator access for the migration duration.
3. C Replicate over the public internet unencrypted for speed.
4. D Route replication over a VPN or Direct Connect with encryption, or use the migration service's TLS encryption.
5. E Scope the migration service's IAM role to the specific source and target resources.

259. A migrated application uses a self-managed Redis cache on EC2. Which target platform reduces operational burden?

1. A Amazon S3.
2. B Amazon RDS.
3. C Amazon ElastiCache or MemoryDB, which manage the cache with built-in replication and failover.
4. D A larger EC2 instance running Redis.

260. A migrated application stores files on a Windows file server accessed by SMB. Which target storage is appropriate?

1. A Amazon FSx for Windows File Server.
2. B Amazon S3.
3. C Amazon EFS.
4. D Amazon EBS.

261. A migrated workload's database has predictable steady traffic and the team wants the lowest operational burden. Which target platform is appropriate?

1. A Amazon RDS or Aurora, which manage patching, backups, and failover.
2. B Amazon DynamoDB, requiring a data model redesign.
3. C A self-managed database on EC2.
4. D Amazon Redshift.

262. A migrated application has a scheduled job that runs for two minutes each hour on a dedicated instance. Which modernization is appropriate?

1. A Run the job more frequently to use the instance.
2. B Move the job to a smaller instance.
3. C Move the job to a Lambda function triggered by an EventBridge schedule, removing the idle instance.
4. D Keep the instance and add other jobs to it.

263. A migrated application polls a database table for new work items. Which modernization is appropriate?

1. A Poll less frequently to reduce load.
2. B Add an index to the polled table.
3. C Poll more frequently.
4. D Replace polling with an event-driven trigger so the work is processed when it arrives.

264. A migrated application's search feature uses SQL LIKE queries against a relational database. Which purpose-built service improves this?

1. A Amazon OpenSearch Service, which provides full-text search with relevance ranking.
2. B A larger relational database instance.
3. C Amazon Redshift.
4. D Amazon DynamoDB.

265. A migrated application handles image uploads synchronously, resizing each image before responding. Which modernization is appropriate?

1. A Increase the instance size so resizing is faster.
2. B Skip resizing.
3. C Resize on the client before upload.
4. D Accept the upload, publish an event, and resize asynchronously in a separate function.

266. A migrated application's components must be identified as candidates for decoupling. Which characteristic indicates a candidate?

1. A A component that is always called with another and shares its lifecycle.
2. B The component with the most code.
3. C A component that fails or scales independently of others but is currently coupled to them synchronously.
4. D A component with no external dependencies.

267. An organization must decide which applications to migrate first from a portfolio with unclear dependencies. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Migrate applications in the order they were built.
2. B Migrate the smallest applications first.
3. C Migrate the applications with the most willing owners first.
4. D Run a discovery assessment to establish dependencies, then sequence waves so dependent applications move together.

268. An application's migration business case must account for costs beyond infrastructure. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Include migration effort, dual-running costs during transition, retraining, and post-migration optimization.
2. B Include the difference between source and target infrastructure cost.
3. C Include the source infrastructure cost only.
4. D Include the target infrastructure cost only.

269. A migration must move a large dataset while the source remains in use. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Transfer only the changes and reconstruct the rest.
2. B Take the source offline for the duration of the transfer.
3. C Perform an initial bulk transfer followed by incremental synchronization of changes until cutover.
4. D Transfer the dataset once and accept the changes made since.

270. A migration wave must be validated before the source environment is decommissioned. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Retain the source indefinitely.
2. B Decommission the source after a fixed waiting period.
3. C Decommission the source once the migration completes successfully.
4. D Run the migrated workload in parallel with the source and compare outputs before decommissioning.

271. A migration must minimize the risk of an unsuccessful cutover. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Define and test the rollback procedure before cutover, so reverting is a rehearsed action.
2. B Schedule the cutover during a quiet period.
3. C Extend the cutover window.
4. D Plan to fix problems in place after cutover.

272. A migration must transfer data whose sensitivity requires it not to traverse the public internet. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Transfer during off-peak hours.
2. B Compress the data before transferring it.
3. C Transfer over the internet with TLS.
4. D Transfer over a private connection such as Direct Connect or a VPN, or ship the data physically.

273. A migration's schema conversion has produced objects the tool could not convert. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Review the conversion report, rework the flagged objects by hand, and test them against the target engine.
2. B Discard the objects that could not be converted.
3. C Accept the partial conversion and proceed.
4. D Migrate the source engine unchanged to EC2.

274. A migrated application's session state is held in memory on each server. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Move the session state to an external store so the application tier becomes stateless and can scale freely.
2. B Increase each server's memory allocation.
3. C Enable session affinity on the load balancer.
4. D Reduce the number of servers.

275. A migrated application writes to a local file system that several instances must now share. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Replicate the files between instances on a schedule.
2. B Increase each instance's storage.
3. C Designate one instance as the writer.
4. D Move the files to a shared file system accessible from every instance.

276. A migrated application's scheduled jobs run on a single server using cron. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Document the schedules for manual execution.
2. B Run cron on every server.
3. C Move the schedules to a managed scheduler that invokes the work, so execution does not depend on one server.
4. D Increase the server's reliability.

277. A migrated application's licensing is tied to physical cores. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Use the largest available instance type.
2. B Use Spot Instances to reduce cost.
3. C Ignore licensing until after migration.
4. D Evaluate dedicated hosts or license-included options, and model the licence cost against each before choosing an instance strategy.

278. A migrated application's configuration is embedded in its deployment artifact. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Edit the configuration on each server after deployment.
2. B Maintain a separate artifact per environment.
3. C Externalize the configuration so it can change without rebuilding or redeploying the application.
4. D Rebuild the artifact for each configuration change.

279. A migrated application's monolithic database is a bottleneck for several independent features. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Add read replicas for every feature.
2. B Increase the database instance size.
3. C Identify the bounded contexts and move each feature's data to a store matched to its access pattern.
4. D Partition the database by feature within the same instance.

280. A migrated application's batch processing runs overnight and delays reporting. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Convert the processing to incremental or streaming so results are available continuously.
2. B Run the batch more frequently.
3. C Increase the batch job's capacity.
4. D Move the batch to a larger instance.

281. A migrated application must adopt managed services incrementally without a rewrite. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Retain the current architecture until a rewrite is funded.
2. B Rewrite the application to use managed services throughout.
3. C Replace every component simultaneously.
4. D Replace one component at a time behind stable interfaces, validating each before the next.

282. An architect must identify which parts of a migrated application would benefit most from modernization. Which solution meets these requirements?

1. A Assess each component against its change frequency, operational burden, and business value, and prioritize accordingly.
2. B Modernize the oldest components first.
3. C Modernize every component equally.
4. D Modernize the largest components first.