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ECMASCRIPT

Export , Import

Operators for Objects

Object Destructuring Assignment

Method Definitions and Namespace

Shorthand Assignment Notation

Object – Static Methods

Object – Prototype Properties and Methods

Shallow,Deep Copy,Comparison

More About 'prototype', 'this, And 'new'

Conditional Branching

Repetition Loop

Anonymous Functions & Arrow Functions

Scoping and Hoisting

setTimeout() and setInterval()

Being a Class Constructor

Function Object

OOP--The Classical Way

resolve() and reject()

Macrotasks and Microtasks

Promise.resolve() and Promise.reject()

Promise.all(), Promise.race(), Promise.allSettled()

Asynchronous Iteration

Practical Asynchrony

Promise.withResolvers()

Prototype VS Static, Getter, Setter

Inheritance , Subclassing, Late Binding

Generator and async Methods

Multiple Inheritance

Private Members

Static Constants

async constructor

'undefined' And 'null'

Boolean Operators

Boolean Prototype Methods

Number Static Properties

Number Static Methods

Number Prototype Methods

Binary and Octal Literals

Well Known Symbols

Symbol Static Methods

Symbol Prototype Methods

Symbol Prototype Properties

VS Private Class Fields

Escape Notation

String Operators

String Static Methods

String Prototype Methods

Static Properties and Methods

Prototype Methods – Accessors

Prototype Methods – Mutators

Prototype Methods – Iteration

Destructuring Assignment

The ...rest,spread Operator

SharedArrayBuffer

Uint8Array Base64 and Hex

Set (and WeakSet)

Map (and WeakMap)

Upsert--getOrInsert()

Iterable and Iterator

Simplest Iterable

Overriding Built in Iterables

User defined Iterables

Generators And Yield×

Iterator Helpers

Iterator.concat()

Static Properties

Static Timestamp Methods

Prototype Setters and Getters

Prototype Conversion Getters

Special Characters

Grouping and Back References

Prototype Properties

Escaping RegExp string

Prototype Methods

RegExp.escape()

Proxy and Reflect

Handlers for Functions

Handlers for Operators

Handlers For Object.X()

Precedence & Associativity

Conditional (ternary) Operator

Pre,Post Increment,Decrement

Assignment Operators

Bitwise Operators

General Restrictions

Restrictions On Functions

Version Features

ES5, December 2009

ECMAScript 2015 (ES6)

ECMAScript 2016 (ES7)

ECMAScript 2017 (ES8)

ECMAScript 2018 (ES9)

ECMAScript 2019 (ES10)

ECMAScript 2020 (ES11)

ECMAScript 2021 (ES12)

ECMAScript 2022 (ES13)

ECMAScript 2023 (ES14)

ECMAScript 2024 (ES15)

ECMAScript 2025 (ES16)

ECMAScript 2026 (ES17)

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ECMAScript 2023 (ES14)

Minor new features:

Symbol keys in WeakMap

arr.toSorted(), arr.toReversed(), arr.toSpliced(), arr.with()

[typed_]arr.findLast(), [typed_]arr.findLastIndex()

ECMAScript 2022 (ES13)	<<<	Version Features	>>>	ECMAScript 2024 (ES15)
last update: 22 Aug 2026