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HTML
HTML stands for Hyper-Text Markup Language.
A webpage that one sees when browsing the Internet is composed of tags organized hierarchically. Conceptually each tag, enclosed within <>, can be regarded as a node in a tree that branches out to form more nodes.
In an HTML document, there should be one <html>, one <head> and one <body> nodes. The <head> section should contain a <title> element, and the <body> section can optionally be further split into <main>, <header>, <footer>, <aside>, <nav> etc. subsections.
A simple HTML file for the browser. Notice how spaces 'collapse'.
An opening tag (eg. <head>) usually needs to be closed by the corresponding closing tag (eg. </head>). Each kind of tag can be associated with specific attributes (eg. id). These are extra descriptions that exist in an opening tag before '>'. In the following sections, the keyword after ...... is an attribute, and if a tag is underlined, it means that it needs not to be closed with a separate closing tag.
Most tags in the body can be associated with event attributes (eg. onclick). Prefixed with 'on', events specify what JavaScript code to run upon an incident such as a mouse click or the pressing of a key.