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nl2br($s[,$b=true]) returns a copy of $s with
‘<br />’ inserted before all newlines. If $b is false, ‘<br>’ will be inserted instead. strip_tags($s1 [,$s2]) returns a copy of $s1 with all NUL bytes, HTML and PHP tags stripped off. $s2 specifies the allowed tags. parse_str($s[,$arr]) parses $s as if it were the query string passed via a URL and sets variables in the current scope.
The PHP code and the converted HTML document:
RESETRUNFULL
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head>
<body><?php

echo nl2br("Hello\nWorld\n");

$text = '<p>Test 123.</p>
<!-- Comment --><a href="#abc">Some text</a>';
echo strip_tags($text); echo "<br />\n";
echo strip_tags($text,"<p><a>"); echo "<br />\n";

$s = "a=value&arr[]=foo+bar&arr[]=baz";
parse_str($s);
echo $a." ".$arr[0]." ".$arr[1]."<br />\n";

parse_str($s, $output);
echo $output['a']." ".$output['arr'][0]." ".$output['arr'][1];
?></body></html>

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head>
<body>Hello<br />
World<br />
Test 123.Some text<br />
<p>Test 123.</p><a href="#abc">Some text</a><br />
value foo bar baz<br />
value foo bar baz</body></html>
htmlspecialchars($s[,$flags[,$encoding=  ‘UTF-8’[,$b=true]]]) returns a copy of $s with the following characters translated to HTML entities: & “ ‘ < >. If $b is false, the function will not convert existing entities.
htmlspecialchars_decode($s, $flags) converts these HTML entities back to special characters.
htmlentities(……) is identical to htmlspecialchars(), except that ALL characters which have HTML entity equivalents are translated into these entities.
html_entity_decode($s [,$flags [,$encoding=’UTF-8’]]) returns a copy of $s with all HTML entities converted to their applicable characters. It is the opposite of htmlentities().
get_html_translation_table ([$table= HTML_SPECIALCHARS [,$flag[, $encoding=’UTF-8’]]]) returns an array, which is a translation table used by htmlspecialchars() and htmlentities(). The original characters are returned as keys while the entities are returned as values.  $table is either HTML_ENTITIES or HTML_SPECIALCHARS.

$flag  
ENT_COMPAT Default. Encodes double quotes and without encoding single quotes.
ENT_QUOTES Encodes double and single quotes.
ENT_NOQUOTES Does not encode double and single quotes.
ENT_IGNORE Discards invalid sequences instead of returning an empty string.
ENT_SUBSTITUTE Replaces invalid sequences with U+FFFD or &#FFFD instead of returning an empty string.
ENT_DISALLOWED Replaces invalid code points for the given document type with U+FFFD or &#FFFD instead of returning an empty string.
ENT_HTML401 Default. Handles code as HTML 4.01.
ENT_XML1 Handles code XML 1.
ENT_XHTML Handles code as XHTML
ENT_HTML5 Handles code as HTML 5.

  $encoding  
ISO-8859-1 cp866 BIG5
ISO-8859-5 cp1251 GB2312
ISO-8859-15 cp1252 BIG5-HKSCS
UTF-8 KOI8-R Shift-JIS
“” (empty string) MacRoman EUC-JP

The PHP code and the converted HTML document:
<!DOCTYPE html><html><head></head>
<body><?php

$e = htmlspecialchars('<p>"Hello World"</p>',ENT_QUOTES|ENT_HTML5);
echo "\n$e\n";
$s = htmlspecialchars_decode($e,ENT_QUOTES|ENT_HTML5);
echo "$s\n";

$e = htmlentities('I asked:"are you alright?"', ENT_QUOTES|ENT_HTML5);
echo "\n$e\n";
$s = html_entity_decode($e,ENT_QUOTES|ENT_HTML5);
echo "$s\n\n";

print_r(get_html_translation_table());
?></body></html>


<p>"Hello World"</p>

"Hello World"


I asked:"are you alright?"
I asked:"are you alright?"

Array
(
    ["] => "
    [&] => &
    [<] => <
    [>] => >
)