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WebUSB, Web Serial and WebHID

Three Chromium 4,389 APIs reach wired hardware, each through a browser chooser opened from a click. WebUSB (Chrome 61 1 ) exchanges packets with USB devices that have no OS driver, as firmware flashers do. Web Serial (Chrome 89, Firefox 151 555 desktop behind a site permission add-on) streams bytes to microcontrollers, 3D printers and CNC machines. WebHID (Chrome 89, desktop) handles human interface devices the Gamepad API ignores, such as macro keypads. getDevices() or getPorts() return previously approved devices without a prompt.

Sending a line to an Arduino over Web SerialJavaScript
connectButton.onclick = async () => {
  const port = await navigator.serial.requestPort({ filters: [{ usbVendorId: 0x2341 }] });
  await port.open({ baudRate: 115200 });
  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  await writer.write(new TextEncoder().encode('LED ON\n'));   // then writer.releaseLock()
};