Every format so far stores a record's fields together. Analytical formats turn that around and store each field's values together. The choice decides how many bytes a query must read, how well the data compresses and how fast a CPU can process it, which is why the rest of this chapter's heavy formats (Parquet 129 , ORC, Arrow 129 ) are columnar.
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Row vs Columnar Layout
Row-Oriented versus Columnar Layout