A custom resource runs code during a deployment; a macro runs code before it, on the template itself. You have used one already: AWS 24 ::LanguageExtensions in Fn::ForEach is a macro that AWS hosts, as are AWS::Include and SAM 24 's AWS::Serverless. This section writes one for BookNest.
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Macros and Extensions
Macros and the AWS::LanguageExtensions Transform