Apache Hudi 129 (https://github.com/apache/hudi 6,280 ) (Hadoop 129 Upserts Deletes and Incrementals) started at Uber in 2016 to apply database change streams to a Hadoop data lake within minutes, and it was the first of the three formats to offer upserts on files. This section runs Hudi 1.2.1 (24 September 2026) on Spark 4.1.3 129 through its hudi-spark4.1-bundle jar, then sets the three formats side by side.
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Hudi and Format Comparison
Apache Hudi and a Table Format Comparison