Kafka 129 's defaults are good, and most slow clusters are slow because of client settings, partition counts or disks, not broker flags. This section measures those levers on l3-kafka-ts (demos/ch06/compose/tiered.yaml), the single KRaft broker of Kafka 4.x in Docker with tiered storage added. Every timing here comes from a shared 4-CPU machine with other services running, so read the ratios between settings, not the absolute numbers, and each comparison was run in interleaved rounds.
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Tuning and Tiered Storage
Performance Tuning and Tiered Storage