Jenkins 8,793 has two kinds of process: one controller, which holds the configuration, schedules work and serves the web interface, and any number of agents, which do the building. Between them run a queue, a pool of executors and a Java RPC channel called Remoting. Most "stuck build" and "offline agent" problems trace back to one of these pieces, so this section takes apart the controller of Installing Jenkins with Docker while it runs a real agent.
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How Builds Run
How Jenkins Runs Builds Under the Hood