Teleportation

Teleportation and Movement in Virtual Reality

Gliding makes many people queasy, so VR moves by teleportation: push the stick forward, aim at a floor mesh, see a landing ring, release to jump. Starting from Walkthrough Camera's walk camera, on the emulated Quest:

Teleporting with the emulated thumbstick, after enterXRAsyncJavaScript
const where = () => xr.baseExperience.camera.position.asArray().map((v) => v.toFixed(2));
const wait = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
await wait(1500);                                                // the controllers connect
console.log(`start ${where()}`);
const { right } = quest.controllers;
Object.assign(right.quaternion, IWER.lookRotation({ x: 0, y: -1, z: -1 }));  // 45 deg down
right.updateAxes('thumbstick', 0, -1);                           // push: show the ring
await wait(1000);
right.updateAxes('thumbstick', 0, 0);                            // release: jump
setTimeout(() => console.log(`now ${where()}`), 500);
Output
BJS - [18:54:01]: Babylon.js v9.28.0 - WebGL2 - Parallel shader compilation
start 0.00,1.60,-2.20
now 0.25,1.61,-0.30

The camera began at the walk camera's spot and landed 1.9 m inside. A sideways push turns the view by rotationAngle (22.5 degrees), addSnapPoint adds fixed landing spots, and for smooth movement you pass disableTeleportation: true and enable WebXRFeatureName.MOVEMENT instead.

Teleportation as a VR visitor sees it from outside: a parabolic ray from the controller, a landing ring, then a jumpHTMLLive
<!doctype html>
<style>
  body { margin: 0; background: #f7f3ec; font: 13px system-ui, sans-serif; color: #333; }
  canvas { width: 100%; max-width: 600px; height: 320px; display: block; touch-action: none; outline: none; }
  #info { max-width: 600px; padding: 4px 8px; font-size: 12px; }
</style>
<canvas id="view"></canvas>
<div id="info">Checking for WebXR…</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/babylonjs@9.28.0/babylon.js"></script>
<script>
// ---- BookNest's bookstore: the helpers the book keeps in bookstore.js ----
const ROOM = { width: 8, depth: 6, height: 3, wall: 0.15 };
const BOOKS = [
  { id: 1, title: 'The Quiet Harbor', author: 'Mara Ellison', color: '#1f5f8b', pages: 312, price: 14.99, rating: 4.6, inStock: true },
  { id: 2, title: 'Patterns of the Deep Web', author: 'Tomas Reyes', color: '#5b3f99', pages: 428, price: 32.5, rating: 4.4, inStock: true },
  { id: 3, title: 'Salt and Saffron', author: 'Priya Nair', color: '#e09a10', pages: 256, price: 24, rating: 4.8, inStock: false },
  { id: 4, title: 'Small Steps to Big Summits', author: 'Dana Whitfield', color: '#3f7d3a', pages: 198, price: 18.5, rating: 4.3, inStock: true },
  { id: 5, title: "The Clockmaker's Paradox", author: 'Julian Voss', color: '#b5452f', pages: 344, price: 16.75, rating: 4.7, inStock: true },
  { id: 6, title: 'Gardens in Glass', author: 'Lena Hart', color: '#2a9d8f', pages: 176, price: 21.3, rating: 4.5, inStock: true },
];
function createScene(engine) {
  const scene = new BABYLON.Scene(engine);
  scene.clearColor = BABYLON.Color4.FromHexString('#cfd8dcff');
  const sky = new BABYLON.HemisphericLight('sky', new BABYLON.Vector3(0.3, 1, -0.4), scene);
  sky.groundColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.35, 0.32, 0.3);
  return scene;
}
function paint(scene, name, hex) {                  // a matte color
  const material = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial(name, scene);
  material.diffuseColor = BABYLON.Color3.FromHexString(hex);
  material.specularColor = BABYLON.Color3.Black();
  return material;
}
function createRoom(scene) {                        // floor and three walls, front open
  const room = new BABYLON.TransformNode('room', scene);
  const floor = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateGround('floor', { width: ROOM.width, height: ROOM.depth }, scene);
  floor.material = paint(scene, 'oak', '#b08d6a');
  floor.parent = room;
  const plaster = paint(scene, 'plaster', '#fff3e0');
  for (const [name, width, x, z] of [['backWall', 8, 0, 3], ['leftWall', 6, -4, 0], ['rightWall', 6, 4, 0]]) {
    const wall = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateBox(name, { width, height: ROOM.height, depth: ROOM.wall }, scene);
    wall.position.set(x, ROOM.height / 2, z);
    wall.rotation.y = x ? Math.PI / 2 : 0;
    wall.material = plaster;
    wall.parent = room;
  }
  return room;
}
function createBookcase(scene, name, x) {           // 8 boxes merged into 1 mesh
  const [w, h, d, t] = [3, 2.2, 0.35, 0.04];
  const parts = [[t, h, d, -w / 2, h / 2, 0], [t, h, d, w / 2, h / 2, 0], [w, h, t, 0, h / 2, d / 2 - t / 2]];
  for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) parts.push([w, t, d, 0, 0.1 + i * 0.5, 0]);
  const bookcase = BABYLON.Mesh.MergeMeshes(parts.map(([width, height, depth, px, py, pz]) => {
    const part = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateBox('part', { width, height, depth }, scene);
    part.position.set(px, py, pz);
    return part;
  }), true);
  bookcase.name = name;
  bookcase.material = paint(scene, 'walnut', '#6d4c33');
  bookcase.position.set(x, 0, ROOM.depth / 2 - ROOM.wall / 2 - d / 2);   // against the back wall
  return bookcase;
}
function drawCover(scene, book) {                   // cover art painted on a canvas
  const tex = new BABYLON.DynamicTexture('cover' + book.id, { width: 256, height: 384 }, scene);
  const c = tex.getContext();
  c.fillStyle = book.color; c.fillRect(0, 0, 256, 384);
  c.fillStyle = 'rgba(0,0,0,0.4)'; c.fillRect(0, 0, 18, 384);         // the dark left edge
  c.strokeStyle = '#fff8e1'; c.lineWidth = 3; c.strokeRect(34, 24, 202, 336);
  c.fillStyle = '#fff8e1'; c.textAlign = 'center'; c.font = 'bold 30px Georgia';
  const lines = [''];
  for (const word of book.title.split(' ')) {
    const test = (lines[lines.length - 1] + ' ' + word).trim();
    if (c.measureText(test).width > 180) lines.push(word); else lines[lines.length - 1] = test;
  }
  lines.forEach((line, i) => c.fillText(line, 135, 110 + i * 38));
  c.font = '20px Georgia'; c.fillText(book.author, 135, 330);
  tex.update();
  return tex;
}
function placeBooks(scene, bookcase, shelf = 2) {   // six books, spines out, covers on +x
  const strip = new BABYLON.Vector4(0, 0, 0.07, 1);
  const faceUV = [strip, strip, new BABYLON.Vector4(0, 0, 1, 1), strip, strip, strip];
  let x = -0.35;                                    // left end of the row, local to the bookcase
  return BOOKS.map((record) => {
    const width = record.pages / 4000 + 0.02;       // spine thickness from page count
    const book = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateBox(`book${record.id}`, { width, height: 0.3, depth: 0.22, faceUV, wrap: true }, scene);
    book.parent = bookcase;
    book.position.set(x + width / 2, 0.12 + shelf * 0.5 + 0.15, -0.02);
    x += width + 0.012;
    book.material = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial(record.title, scene);
    book.material.diffuseTexture = drawCover(scene, record);
    book.material.specularColor = new BABYLON.Color3(0.15, 0.15, 0.15);
    book.metadata = record;                         // the record, for picking
    return book;
  });
}
// The book cuts the storefront with CSG2 (Manifold WebAssembly); this sandbox cannot download
// the .wasm, so the older pure-JavaScript BABYLON.CSG makes the same cuts here.
function createFrontWall(scene) {
  const box = (width, height, depth, x, y) => {
    const mesh = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateBox('cut', { width, height, depth }, scene);
    mesh.position.set(x, y, -ROOM.depth / 2);
    return mesh;
  };
  const solid = box(ROOM.width, ROOM.height, ROOM.wall, 0, ROOM.height / 2);
  const windowHole = box(3.2, 1.6, 1, -1.4, 1.6), doorHole = box(1.1, 2.2, 1, 2.3, 1.1);
  const wall = BABYLON.CSG.FromMesh(solid).subtract(BABYLON.CSG.FromMesh(windowHole))
    .subtract(BABYLON.CSG.FromMesh(doorHole)).toMesh('frontWall', scene.getMaterialByName('plaster'), scene);
  [solid, windowHole, doorHole].forEach((mesh) => mesh.dispose());
  return wall;
}
// ---- end of the bookstore helpers ----

// Offer real WebXR when the browser has it; otherwise say so and keep the desktop view.
// (A sandboxed preview frame is not allowed to start immersive sessions.)
async function offerXR(scene, options, status) {
  let supported = false;
  const policy = document.permissionsPolicy || document.featurePolicy;   // may this frame use XR at all?
  const allowed = policy?.allowsFeature ? policy.allowsFeature('xr-spatial-tracking') : true;
  if (navigator.xr && allowed) {
    try {
      supported = await BABYLON.WebXRSessionManager.IsSessionSupportedAsync('immersive-vr');
    } catch (error) { /* no immersive sessions here */ }
  }
  if (!supported) {
    status('immersive-vr is not available here, so this is a desktop stand-in');
    return null;
  }
  const xr = await scene.createDefaultXRExperienceAsync(options);
  status('immersive-vr supported: press the VR button in the corner');
  return xr;
}
// Two eye cameras side by side, as the WebXRCamera's rig renders a headset frame
function stereoRig(scene, position, target, ipd = 0.064) {
  const forward = target.subtract(position).normalize();
  const right = BABYLON.Vector3.Cross(BABYLON.Vector3.Up(), forward).normalize();
  return [-1, 1].map((side) => {
    const eye = new BABYLON.UniversalCamera(side < 0 ? 'leftEye' : 'rightEye', position.add(right.scale(side * ipd / 2)), scene);
    eye.setTarget(target.add(right.scale(side * ipd / 2)));
    eye.minZ = 0.05;
    eye.fov = 1.2;
    eye.viewport = new BABYLON.Viewport(side < 0 ? 0 : 0.5, 0, 0.5, 1);
    scene.activeCameras.push(eye);
    return eye;
  });
}

const canvas = document.getElementById('view');
const engine = new BABYLON.Engine(canvas, true, {}, true);
const scene = createScene(engine);
createRoom(scene);
placeBooks(scene, createBookcase(scene, 'bookcaseLeft', -1.8));
createBookcase(scene, 'bookcaseRight', 1.8);
const floor = scene.getMeshByName('floor');
const camera = new BABYLON.ArcRotateCamera('overview', -1.2, 0.95, 8.5, new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0.8, 0.5), scene);
camera.attachControl(canvas, true);

// The visitor: a head and a right controller
const visitor = new BABYLON.TransformNode('visitor', scene);
const head = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateSphere('head', { diameter: 0.25 }, scene);
head.parent = visitor;
head.position.y = 1.6;
head.material = paint(scene, 'headMat', '#2a9d8f');
const controller = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateBox('controller', { width: 0.05, height: 0.05, depth: 0.15 }, scene);
controller.parent = visitor;
controller.position.set(0.25, 1.2, 0.2);
controller.material = paint(scene, 'controllerMat', '#333333');
const ring = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateTorus('landing', { diameter: 0.5, thickness: 0.04, tessellation: 40 }, scene);
ring.material = new BABYLON.StandardMaterial('ringMat', scene);
ring.material.emissiveColor = BABYLON.Color3.FromHexString('#4fc3f7');
let arc = null;

// Like the teleportation feature: a thrown parabola, aimed with the stick, landing on floorMeshes
const SPOTS = [new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0, -2.2), new BABYLON.Vector3(1.2, 0, 0.2), new BABYLON.Vector3(-1.5, 0, 1.4), new BABYLON.Vector3(0.6, 0, 1.8)];
let from = 0, t = 0;
visitor.position.copyFrom(SPOTS[0]);
scene.onBeforeRenderObservable.add(() => {
  t += engine.getDeltaTime() / 1000;
  const start = controller.getAbsolutePosition(), target = SPOTS[(from + 1) % SPOTS.length];
  if (t < 1.5) {                                     // stick pushed: show the arc and the ring
    const points = [];
    for (let i = 0; i <= 30; i++) {
      const s = i / 30;
      points.push(BABYLON.Vector3.Lerp(start, target, s).add(new BABYLON.Vector3(0, Math.sin(s * Math.PI) * 0.8 - s * 0.02, 0)));
    }
    arc?.dispose();
    arc = BABYLON.MeshBuilder.CreateTube('arc', { path: points, radius: 0.012 }, scene);
    arc.material = ring.material;
    ring.isVisible = true;
    ring.position.set(target.x, 0.02, target.z);
  } else if (t < 1.6) {                              // released: jump
    arc?.dispose(); arc = null;
    ring.isVisible = false;
    visitor.position.copyFrom(target);
  } else if (t > 2.6) {
    from = (from + 1) % SPOTS.length;
    t = 0;
  }
  visitor.lookAt(visitor.position.add(new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0, 1)));
});

const info = document.getElementById('info');
offerXR(scene, { floorMeshes: [floor] }, (text) => { info.textContent = text; }).then((xr) => {
  if (!xr) return;
  const teleport = xr.baseExperience.featuresManager.getEnabledFeature(BABYLON.WebXRFeatureName.TELEPORTATION);
  teleport.rotationAngle = Math.PI / 8;             // 22.5 degrees per sideways push
  teleport.addSnapPoint(new BABYLON.Vector3(0, 0, 1.8));   // a fixed landing spot by the shelves
});
engine.runRenderLoop(() => scene.render());
addEventListener('resize', () => engine.resize());
</script>